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When thinking about the steel and iron production industry in postbellum America, thoughts typically go immediate to the city of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and Andrew Carnegie. Pittsburgh is often referred to as the “Steel City” because of the enormous role it played in the Industrial Age of America. The man who built the Steel City wasContinue reading “Steel Cities: Pittsburgh versus Birmingham in Postbellum America”

Early on, before the Transatlantic Slave Trade exploded on the scene, Latin America and eventually, North America utilized forms of forced labor similar to feudalism and indentured servitude. Latin America initially attempted to exploit the natives in a system of indentured servitude while claiming to do the good work of Christianizing the natives. The encomiendaContinue reading “Slavery in the Atlantic World”

During World War II and immediately after that, the Soviet Union emerged in a much more favorable light globally. Their dedication to the defeat of Germany gave them a powerful presence as a legitimate, even respectable nation. (I think of the photographs from Yalta and Potsdam Conferences – Great Britain, the Soviet Union, and theContinue reading “Rise of the Soviet Union”

December 7th, 1941 was truly a day that would live in infamy in United States history. Not only was it one of the most devastating battles involving the US, but it was entirely lopsided, incurring overwhelming casualties among US military personnel. The attack on Pearl Harbor would become a benchmark for measuring acts of violence,Continue reading “Pearl Harbor and the Intelligence Lapses of Surprise Attack Warfare”

Balancing Providence: The Johnstown Flood of 1889 In 1889, Johnstown, Pennsylvania, stood as a bustling steel mill and ironworks city near the Conemaugh River Valley and nestled in the Allegheny Mountains. Approximately fifteen miles away from the industrious, gritty city that served as home to 30,000 people, the South Fork Fishing and Hunting Club stood.Continue reading “Balancing Providence: The Johnstown Flood of 1889”

In the early stages of World War II, specifically 1939 through 1943, we see that Germany ravaged Europe through a combination of their unquenchable power as well as the weakness plaguing their enemies. Germany experienced tremendous military success spawning from Hitler’s incredibly keen ability to build and organize the masses and his charismatic personality inspiringContinue reading “Power or Weakness? Nazi Germany’s Early Rise”

The unique nature of the Civil War divided the United States, plunging the North and South into a war like no other, often pitting families against each other both off and on the battlefields. Despite the chaos and the brutal fighting, Civil War soldiers strongly maintained their faith and religion during the tumultuous 1861 throughContinue reading “Faith and Religion for Civil War Soldiers”

Abigail Adams holds a fascinating history as both the second first lady to President John Adams and mother to United States President John Quincy Adams. She served as her husband’s closest and most trusted advisor. To some, that role created anger and resentment, and many called her “Mrs. President.” Others, like Thomas Jefferson, greatly admiredContinue reading “Leading Lady: Abigail Adams”

The Great Awakening as a Unifier Towards Freedom When the first settlers arrived in America, they clung tightly to their faith. Religion played a major role in their lives and their government structure. At some point, however, the passion for religion began dwindling. People felt restless, and they felt a sense of loss for aContinue reading “The Great Awakening: The Great Unifier”